In modern medicine and psychology, there is growing interest in exploring the interaction between neurobiological and psychological processes, especially in the context of chronic illnesses and family dynamics. This article presents an overview and analysis of how narratives about health and disease, shaped in the brain, affect the perception and dynamics of health within a family, particularly when one of the family members suffers from a chronic condition. We also consider the potential of new diagnostic and treatment methods, such as cellular therapy, and their possible connection with the neuropsychological state of patients and their families. Based on contemporary research, the article proposes an integrative approach to understanding and treating chronic diseases, with an emphasis on neurobiological and psychosocial aspects.